我就喜歡這樣的妳

For the Spring semester, I took a course call, "Environmental Interpretation". Here are simple notes I took for reviewing 

 textbook 

 author: Richard Louv

 http://www.RichardLouv.com

 references : amazon 

 class notes :

 Symbiotic relationships :  are a special type of interaction between species. Sometimes beneficial, sometimes harmful, these relationships are essential to many organisms and ecosystems, and they provide a balance that can only be achieved by working together

1. mutualism, where both species benefit;

2. commensalism, where one organism benefits and the other experiences no harm;

3. parasitism, in which one entity benefits, sometimes at the cost of the other.

 ice- break activity (k5 to k8) 

1. teacher make a clear difinition of symbiotic relationship

2. ask some question for double check

3. explain how does the activity go on 

- give each students a creature card

- each of them has to walk around the classroom and find the other one 

- when they get in pairs, they have to talk about why they are in pairs, which kind of symbiotic relationship they are, and do a simple introduction of each other. 

What is Interpretation? 

The translation og language or information from one source to another in order to facilitate comprehension and understanding 

A form if communication that reveals meaning about natural and cultural resources

Aform of communication used to enhance visitor experience and achieve management objective

What is Environmental Education?

A process to allow indivisual to explore environmental issues, engage in problem solving, and take action to improve the environment. As a result, indivisual develope a deep understanding. 

 vimeo : process- knowledge- awakeness- skills- attitudes- actions 

What is Environmental Interpretation ?

 An environmental education activity which examines and re- veals in an attractive way the characteristics of an area and its biophysical and cultural relation- ships, through direct experiences which generate enjoyment, sensitivity, knowledge and com- mitment to the values interpreted.

 something in common :

awareness / attitudes / actions 

experiential approach 

rely on tangible objects to convey intangible issues 

 Different types of Interpretation 

  Pros and cons of personal interpretation 

  Pros 

- more control 

- chance to ask questions

- better understanding of problems or concerns

- more engaging

- more effective  

 cons

- less efficient / cost per contact 

- only about 20 attend

- poor training, preparation, presentation 

  Pros and cons of non-personal interpretation 

 Pros

- First line of contact

- reach more visitors 

- allows freedom and exploration at own pace

 cons

- may not receive message

- difficult to evaluate effectiveness

- expensive, time-consuming, requires expertise

- negative impressions 

Important people of Environmental Interpretation

 Freemam Tilden (1883-1980)  

 https://www.nps.gov/bestideapeople/tilden.htm

( photo credit: amazon 

- expanded on the work of Mills, served as consultant to four NPS Director

- Wrote "Interpretation Our Heritage" 1957 

- known for " six principles of Interpretation" 

1. Any interpretation that does not somehow relate what is being displayed or described to something within the personality or experience of the visitor will be sterile.
2. Information, as such, is not Interpretation. Interpretation is revelation based upon information. But they are entirely different things. However all interpretation includes information.
3. Interpretation is an art, which combines many arts, whether the materials presented are scientific, historical or architectural. Any art is in some degree teachable.
4. The chief aim of Interpretation is not instruction, but provocation.
5. Interpretation should aim to present a whole rather than a part, and must address itself to the whole man rather than any phase.
6. Interpretation addressed to children (say up to the age of twelve) should not be a dilution of the presentation to adults, but should follow a fundamentally different approach. To be at its best it will require a separate program.

 https://mylearning.nps.gov/library-resources/tildens-six-principles-ace/

 John Muir

- first to use the word "Interpretation" in reference to nature

"I will interpret the rocks, learn the language of the flood, storm, and advance. 

- work embodied essential of interpretation ( conservation vs preservation) 

Yosemite  https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/historyculture/muir.htm

 Stephen Tyng Mather

- believed interpretation was essential componet of park management 

- influenced " vision of NPS"

 https://www.nps.gov/bestideapeople/Mather.html

 Willam Penn Mott Jr.

- believed education and interpretation was key to promoting preservation

- appointed first municiple naturalist (@ east bay regional park districk oakland CA) 

- Director of CA states paks and NPS   

 http://150.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27580

Who's Involved? 

Public sector

- Federal : national park

- state : museum

- local : blue trail 

private sector 

-acquarium 

#ticket 

non-profits 

zoo

#donation 

partnerships 

examples of different organization 

NPS: largest provider of personal interpreation service 

USFS :